Comparative Analysis of Paddy Harvesting Systems toward Low-Carbon Mechanization in the Future: A Case Study in Sri Lanka

In this study, three paddy harvesting systems, manual of (MHP), reaper (RHP), and combine (CHP), were evaluated considering field capacities, efficiencies, time fuel consumption, mechanization indices, greenhouse gas emissions, straw availability, direct indirect costs. Field experiments conducted in the North Central Province Sri Lanka. The effective capacity, efficiency consumption harvester 0.34 hah−1, 60.8%, 34.1 Lha−1, respectively, those 0.185 58.2%, 3.8 respectively. total consumed by MHP, RHP, CHP 76.05 hha−1, 39.76 2.94 highest energy utilization was recorded CHP, at 1851.09 MJha−1, while MHP lowest 643.20 MJha−1. cost 1.50 1.52 times higher than emissions (32.94 kgCO2eqha−1), (176.29 kgCO2eqha−1). RHP exhibited an intermediate level all aspects. Although has performance costs, it GHG Therefore, optimum should be introduced for long-term sustainability both environment farming.